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Sweets vs. Keto and Fasting | Can Artificial Sweeteners Trigger Insulin Response? (Keto Tip)
CPIR Theory:
Some sweeteners do elicit an insulin response, and this phenomenon is known as the cephalic phase insulin response (CPIR) - believed that it helps prepare the body for the inevitable carb load that comes with it. In nature, anything sweet would be a carb - so the CPIR is simply the body’s way of “priming the pump” by releasing a little insulin in anticipation of a carb load, which will cause a subsequent greater insulin release.
CPIR - 2 Studies:
The journal Physiology & Behavior- Normal weight men sipped and spit four different solutions: water, aspartame, saccharin, and sucrose. A fifth condition involved a modified sham-feed with apple pie - the five stimuli were administered in counterbalanced order, each on a separate day. In study 1, subjects tasted the stimuli for 1 min (n = 15) and in study 2 (n = 16), they tasted the stimuli for 3 min. In both study 1 and study 2, no significant increases in plasma insulin were observed after subjects tasted the sweetened solutions. In contrast, significant increases in plasma insulin occurred after the modified sham-feed with both the 1 min and 3 min exposure. These results suggest that nutritive and nonnutritive sweeteners in solution are not adequate stimuli for the elicitation of CPIR.
The journal Appetite:
In humans little is known as to whether taste solutions applied to the tongue elicit cephalic phase insulin release (CPIR.) The aim of the study was to re-examine if any effect of different taste solutions on CPIR occurs. The taste stimuli were not swallowed; they were applied in a randomized order, each on a separate day. Blood collection for determination of plasma glucose and plasma insulin concentrations was performed 3 min before and 3, 5, 7 and 10 min after taste stimulation. A significant increase of plasma insulin concentration was apparent after stimulation with sucrose and saccharin. In conclusion, the current data suggest that the sweeteners sucrose and saccharin activate a CPIR even when applied to the oral cavity only.
Study - Insights in Nutrition and Metabolism-
Each group received a different solution:
Group 1 received 9 g of Canderel®, group 2 received 9 g of Nevella®, group 3 received 9 g of Canderel Green Stevia®, group 4 received 75 g of glucose and group 5 received only water. Serum glucose and insulin levels were performed fasting and one hour after ingestion of each solution. No differences were observed between the genders and the pre and post prandial blood glucose did not differ significantly between the 3 NNS groups and water. Insulin levels increased postprandially in the Canderel and glucose groups but not in the Nevella, water or Canderel Green Stevia groups.
References:
1) 3 Not-So-Sweet Insulin Effects of Artificial Sweeteners. (n.d.). Retrieved from [ Ссылка ]
2) [ Ссылка ]
3) Tonosaki K , et al. (n.d.). Relationships between insulin release and taste. - PubMed - NCBI. Retrieved from [ Ссылка ]
4) Just T , et al. (n.d.). Cephalic phase insulin release in healthy humans after taste stimulation? - PubMed - NCBI. Retrieved from [ Ссылка ]
5) A comparative study of three non-nutritive sweeteners effects on insulin andglucose in healthy, non-diabetic adults. (n.d.). Retrieved from [ Ссылка ]
6) Sweet-taste receptors, low-energy sweeteners, glucose absorption and insulin release | British Journal of Nutrition | Cambridge Core. (n.d.). Retrieved from [ Ссылка ]
7) Do Artificial Sweeteners Cause an Insulin Spike? (2013, November 14). Retrieved from [ Ссылка ]
8) Nakagawa Y , et al. (n.d.). Sweet taste receptor expressed in pancreatic beta-cells activates the calcium and cyclic AMP signaling systems and stimulates insulin secretion. - PubMed - NCBI. Retrieved from [ Ссылка ]
9) Do Artificial Sweeteners Cause Insulin Release? (2014, November 20). Retrieved from [ Ссылка ]
