When data is collected in subgroups, calculating variation is straightforward, as we can easily compute it within each subgroup using metrics like subgroup range or subgroup standard deviation.

However, when data isn't grouped (i.e., the subgroup size is 1), determining within-subgroup standard deviation becomes less intuitive. How do we calculate variation within subgroups when there's just one data point per subgroup? What impact does this have on Cpk? This video aims to demystify the calculation of within-subgroup variation and its implications for Cpk when dealing with a subgroup size of 1

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