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Which of the following is a major risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
(COPD)?
A. family history
B. smoking
C. chronic disease of the liver
D. sedentary lifestyle
Ans.: B. Smoking, most especially cigarette smoking, remains to be the most significant risk factor of
COPD as well as its combination with a chronic airway disease, such as asthma. Long-term, exposure to
lung irritants such as air pollution, chemical fumes, or dust may also contribute to COPD.

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