This lecture introduces the basic tools needed for rock identification. This lecture introduces igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks, as well as their defining properties. We also discuss the subfamilies, such as intrusive versus extrusive, and learn to use a dichotomous key for sample identification. Lastly, we discuss the types of fossils, and what rock families they are found in.
A rock is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. It is categorized by the minerals included its chemical composition and the way in which it is formed. Rocks are usually grouped into three main groups: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks. Rocks form the Earth's outer solid layer, the crust, and most of its interior, except for the liquid outer core and pockets of magma in the asthenosphere.
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