Grafting is a technique used to reproduce plant varieties that are not true-to-seed, meaning that they will not produce similar fruit (or other features) if reproduced by the seed. When grafting, certain parts of two plants are joined together in a particular way, so that the cambium layer of those parts matches. If this is done correctly, they grow as a single plant. Grafting can be used to reproduce fruit tree varieties and can be performed by any gardener. All you need is a scion of desired variety, a compatible rootstock, a grafting knife, some tape to wrap the graft union and some grafting wax.

Modified whip and tongue is a grafting technique used in cases where rootstock is larger in diameter than the scion, but not sufficiently large to use bark grafting method. The technique is quite similar to conventional whip and tongue method, just the rootstock is not cut across the whole diameter. Similarly to whip and tongue, it can be used to reproduce apples, pears, stonefruit and many other species. For it you will need a rootstock (e.g. and apple seedling) and a scion of a desired (apple) variety. Cuts (2-5 cm in length) are made and the two parts are joined together, wrapped with grafting tape, the end is sealed and the graft union is allowed to heal. When grafting it is essential to match the cambium of the scion with that of the rootstock on least one side. The scion usually starts to grow after 3 weeks and it is essential to remove the shoots from the rootstock (from below the graft union). The tape can be removed after 6-8 weeks and it is important not to disturb the graft union until it fully heals (first year).

Project “Growing Seed Savers in Museums” (2021-2022) was funded by the Nordic Council of Ministers programme NORDPLUS.

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