Cleopatra VII, the last Pharaoh of Egypt, ruled from 51 to 30 BC. Known for her intelligence, political acumen, and strategic alliances, she sought to preserve Egypt's independence amid the expanding Roman Empire. Cleopatra's liaisons with Julius Caesar and later Mark Antony, two of Rome's most powerful leaders, were instrumental in her political strategy. Her reign was marked by efforts to stabilize Egypt's economy and maintain its power. Cleopatra's dramatic life ended with her suicide in 30 BC following her defeat by Octavian (the future Emperor Augustus), leading to Egypt becoming a Roman province. Cleopatra remains an enduring symbol of beauty, intelligence, and political intrigue.
