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Porto Alegre is a Brazilian municipality and the capital of Brazil's southernmost state , Rio Grande do Sul . [ 7 ] With an area of ​​almost 500 km² and a population of 1,492,530 inhabitants, [ 8 ] it has a diverse geography , with hills, lowlands and a large lake : the Guaíba . It is 2,027 km from the national capital, Brasilia . [ 1 ] [ 7 ] [ 9 ]

The city was formed after the arrival of Azorean couples in the mid- 18th century . In the 19th century there was an influx of many German and Italian immigrants , also receiving Spaniards , Africans , Poles and Lebanese . Home to the largest urban concentration in the southern region and the fifth most populous in Brazil , it has developed rapidly and now houses almost 1.5 million inhabitants within municipal limits [ 7 ] [ 10 ] [ 11 ]and around 4,311,019 inhabitants in the metropolitan area . [ 12 ] With 47% of buildings built vertically, it was the most built-up capital in the country in 2018. [ 13 ] The city faces many challenges, including the fact that part of the population lives in sub-housing conditions , [ 14 ] high cost of life , [ 15 ] high incidence of obesity and smoking , [ 16 ] [ 17 ] serious deficiencies in terms of pollution ,[ 18 ] degradation ofecosystems, [ 19 ] highcrimerates [ 20 ] [ 21 ] and increasingtraffic. [ 22 ]

On the other hand, it boasts more than 80 awards and titles that distinguish it as one of the best Brazilian capitals to live, work, do business, study and have fun. It was also highlighted in 2010 by the UN as the No. 1 Metropolis in quality of life in Brazil three times; as having one of the 40 best democratic public management models for its Participatory Budget and for having the best Human Development Index (HDI) among national metropolises. [ 23 ] Data from the IBGE pointed it out in 2009 as the Brazilian capital with the lowest unemployment rate , [ 24 ]the British consulting firm Jones Lang LaSalle included it in 2004 among the 24 cities with the greatest potential to attract investment in the world [ 25 ] and it is included in Pricewaterhouse Coopers' list of the 100 richest cities in the world. [ 26 ] Porto Alegre was classified as a self-sufficient city by the Globalization and World Cities Study Group & Network (GaWC). [ 27 ]

In addition, Porto Alegre is one of the most wooded [ 28 ] and most literate cities in the country, [ 7 ] it is a regional center of attraction for migrants in search of better living, work and study conditions [ 29 ] and has an infrastructure in several aspects superior to that of other capitals in Brazil. [ 30 ] It made international headlines when it hosted the first editions of the World Social Forum [ 23 ] and was chosen as one of the venues for the 2014 World Cup . [ 31 ]It also has a qualified and diversified culture , with intense activity in virtually all areas of the arts , sports and sciences , often with national projection, in addition to having rich folklore traditions and a significant historical heritage in centenary buildings and numerous museums . [ 7 ]

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