Arthur Nebe, the son of a schoolteacher, was born on 13 November 1894 in Berlin, then part of the German Empire. On 30 January 1933, Adolf Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg.
In 1935, Nebe was appointed head of the Prussian Criminal Police, and by July 1936, he was in charge of the criminal police for all of Germany. In December 1936, Nebe was transferred from the SA to the SS with the rank of SS- Sturmbannführer, which was equivalent to Major.
In 1939, as head of Kripo, Nebe was involved in discussions about the upcoming campaigns against the Sinti and Roma people. He proposed sending Berlin's Sinti and Roma people to the planned reservations for Jews and others in the east. The Second World War began on 1 September 1939 when Germany invaded Poland. Later that month, Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, ordered the creation of the Reich Security Main Office, which encompassed the intelligence service, security services, secret state, and criminal police. The organization was divided into several main departments, including the Kripo, whose main mission was to "exterminate criminality." Under Nebe's leadership, tens of thousands, including the homeless, Gypsies, drunks, and homosexuals, were put in preventive custody, as they were, according to Nazi theory, suspected of having criminal leanings.
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