James Watt perfected the steam engine in 1764.
He invented a new unit of power to describe its output.
Horsepower is still used for measuring engine output.
But how much power does a horse have?
It would seem the answer has to be 1 hp.
But it’s more complicated.
A human’s maximum output is a bit more than 1 hp.
Tour de France cyclists output up to 1.2 hp.
A horse is obviously more powerful.
In fact, the maximum power rating of a horse is 15 hp!
But Watt had his reasons.
He defined horsepower as “the amount of work required from a horse to pull 150 pounds out of a hole 220 feet deep.”
On average, one horse puts out 1 hp in a day.
Watt chose the unit for promotional reasons.
He said his steam engine was equal to 10 horses.
Thus people were convinced to buy it.

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