Impedance Relay is protection relay which functions depending upon the distance of fault in the line. More specifically, the relay operates depending upon the impedance between the point of fault and the point where relay is installed. These relays are known as Distance Relay or Impedance Relay.
How does a Impedance Relay works - In normal operating condition, restoring torque is more than deflecting torque. Hence relay will not operate. But in faulty condition, the current becomes quite large whereas voltage becomes less. Consequently, deflecting torque becomes more than restoring torque and dynamic parts of the relay starts moving which ultimately close the No contact of relay. Hence clearly operation or working principle of distance relay, depends upon the ratio of system voltage and current. As the ratio of voltage to current is nothing but impedance a distance relay is also known as impedance relay. The operation of such relay depends upon the predetermined value of voltage to current ratio.
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Create: Hrvoje Čočić
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