The Orange Free State, also known as the Republic of the Orange Free State, was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was established in 1854 by Boer settlers who migrated from the Cape Colony, seeking to escape British colonial rule. It had its own government, constitution, and capital city (first Bloemfontein and later Pietermaritzburg). It was a predominantly rural and agricultural society, with farming and livestock forming the backbone of its economy. During the late 19th century, the Orange Free State found itself embroiled in conflicts with the expanding British Empire. Despite initial victories, the Orange Free State was eventually conquered by the British during the Second Boer War, leading to its incorporation into the Union of South Africa in 1910. Today, the region formerly known as the Orange Free State is part of the modern-day South African provinces of the Free State and Northern Cape. The heritage and history of the Orange Free State are still significant to the cultural identity of the region, and various historical sites and landmarks commemorate their existence.
Orange Free State
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