In this Physics (Digital Electronics) video lecture in Hindi we explained the working principle of light emitting diode, known as LED. Light emmiting diode is made up using p-n junction diode. when this junction diode is connected to a DC source in forward bias, conduction electrons from n side fill the holes of the p side. In this process some energy is released in the form of photon (E=hv).

LEDs have many advantages over other light sources, including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved physical robustness and smaller size.
Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as automobile headlamps, advertising, display boards, general lighting, traffic signals, camera flashes etc.

Following are some semiconductor materials used in different colour LED.
Infrared LED : Gallium arsenide (GaAs), Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs)
Red LED : Aluminium gallium arsenide (AlGaAs), Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP), Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP), Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)
Orange LED : Gallium arsenide phosphide (GaAsP), Aluminium gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP), Gallium(III) phosphide (GaP)
Blue LED : Zinc selenide (ZnSe), Indium gallium nitride (InGaN), Silicon carbide (SiC) as substrate

For more details on different semiconductor materials used for different colour-LEDs click here :
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