Indian Navy’s Conventional Submarine

Indian Navy has 15 diesel attack conventional Submarine in its service which includes: 4 Kalvari or scorpene class, 7 Sindhughosh or Kilo class and 4 Shishumar or Type 209 class submarines. Under Project 75, two more Kalvari class submarine will be commissioned into Indian Navy and undergoing sea trials.

In order to boost its fast-declining submarine strength, the Indian navy is focused on its future conventional submarine program--the Project 75 ‘India’ or P-75I.

Efforts for the construction of six advanced submarines under Project-75I have been delayed. With delays in submarine induction, the Kilo submarines and HDW submarines are being put through the Medium Refit Life Certification (MRLC) process to extend their service life.

1. Kilo class submarine: INS Sindhuratna


Indian Navy had signed a contract with Russia to extend the service life of its four Kilo class submarines. The extensive refit was pegged at Rs 5,000 crore under Project 08773. The upgrade will not only extend the life of the boats but will also upgrade their combat potential. The first submarine to be sent was the INS Sindhukesari that will be fitted with Klub land attack cruise missile. As per latest reports, the INS Sindhuratna which is undergoing a protracted "refit-cum-life extension" upgrade Russia and is planned to join Indian Navy in February. It is the second of the four old Russian Kilo-class submarines planned to undergo the modernisation upgrade.

2. Kalvari class submarines: Vagir

In November last year, the fourth of the six Kalvari class submarine called INS Vela was commissioned into Indian Navy. The submarine was deployed in across the Indian Ocean Region (IOR), which included extensive patrolling in the Bay of Bengal. It returned to its home port at Mumbai on October 15 after a record eight-and-a-half month long cross-coast deployment. The sustained deployment was in view of the increasing Chinese naval presence in the IOR.

The submarine has advanced stealth and combat capabilities. It is capable of offensive operations that span the entire spectrum of maritime warfare. It is equipped both long-range guided torpedoes as well as anti-ship missiles as well as advanced sonars and sensor suites. It can contain eight torpedoes and 30 mines, along with Exocet missiles.

On 1st February 2022, the fifth submarine of this class called Vagir has commenced her sea trials. The induction of submarine is expected by the end of this year. Vagsheer - The last Kalvari class submarine is planned to be inducted in 2024.

3. SSBN : Arighat

The 3rd submarine regarding which we are going to discuss is Arighat. It is 2nd Nuclear powered ballistic missile submarine built under ATV (Advance Technology Vessel) program. The submarine was launched quietly in 2017 and is nearing the completion of its sea trial. It could be commissioned in next few months. Talking about its weapons, it can host 12 × K15 SLBM having rage of 750 km or or 4 × K-4 SLBM having range of 3,500 km.

Recently, On 14th of October, the MoD has announced the launch of a nuclear capable Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile (SLBM) in the Bay of Bengal with “very high accuracy” from INS Arihant. While the name of the missile was not disclosed, its most likely going to be K-15 Sagarika.


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