He always puts his keys on the shelf.
He was in an awkward position.
Let's assume that he is telling the truth.
It was a desperate situation.
Put that in the oven.
FULL LESSON: [ Ссылка ]
TRANSCRIPT:
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Rusky Ed here with a lesson pertaining to the verbs класть and положить. Attempt to translate the sample sentences during the intro song. Press the pause button if you would like extra time.
The verbs класть and положить mean to put, to lay down, or to spend, with класть being the imperfective form and положить being the perfective form. Here's a quick example before we get to the actual lesson:
Обычно я кладу сахар в кофе.
(I usually put sugar in my coffee.)
BTW, it is common for this sentence to be rephrased using the word "ложить" like this:
Обычно я "ложу" сахар в кофе.
Unfortunately, the word "ложить" doesn't officially exist, but people use it a lot anyways. In any case, let's move on now to sample sentence number one:
He always puts his keys on the shelf.
Four words needed for this translation include:
всегда - always
класть - to put
ключ - key
полка - shelf
Along with the word for he and the word for on, we wind up with the following translation:
Он всегда кладёт ключи на полку.
The second sample sentence goes like this:
He was in an awkward position.
Four words that will be useful for this translation include:
оказаться - to turn out, to be found
неудобный - uncomfortable, inconvenient, awkward
неловкий - awkward, uncomfortable, embarrassing
положение - position, location, situation
Putting these words into a sentence we wind up with the following two translations:
Он оказался в неудобном положении.
Он оказался в неловком положении.
Onward now to sample sentence number three:
Let's assume that he is telling the truth.
The focus word here is предположить and предположить means to assume, to suppose, or to imply. Along with several other words which are probably familiar, the translation goes like this:
Предположим, что он говорит правду.
Alternately, simply using a form of положить will also work:
Положим, что он говорит правду.
Moving on now to sample sentence number four:
It was a desperate situation.
For this sentence the word положение is needed since положение means situation. As for a word meaning desperate, отчаянный will work and so we derive the following translation:
Положение было отчаянное.
And finally we have the last sample sentence which goes like this:
Put that in the oven.
First of all the word for oven is духовка and secondly поместить means to place or to put or to insert. Along with a couple other words the translation goes like this:
Поместите это в духовку.
And now for a few bonus sentences:
Он любит класть сыр на хлеб.
(He likes to put cheese on his bread.)
Я никогда не кладу локти на стол.
(I never put my elbows on the table.)
Он приложил много усилий для этого эссе.
(He put a lot of effort into that essay.)
Она вела себя, как и должна.
Она вела себя, как и положено.
(She behaved as she should.)
And now for an interesting idiom!
Он отвечал на тест как Бог на душу положит.
He answered his test at random.
The idiom part of this sentence is как Бог на душу положит which literally means something like "god on soul will put" but there is quite a story behind this idiom. In fact, it dates back to when Russia had tsars. Theoretically, a tsar could judge according to his mind or his heart as inspired or directed to by God. The problem was that it was very difficult to predict the decision of a tsar since he might rule logically by his head or emotionally by his heart. Thus decisions seemed arbitrary or random depending on his mood and so the phrases:
как бог на душу положит
как бог на сердце положит
как господь на душу положит
как господь на сердце положит
All mean at random or arbitrarily.
The focus words for this lesson include:
класть (to put)
положение (situation)
предположить (to assume)
отчаянный (desperate)
поместить (to insert)
