Large coconut palms, or cocos Nucifera, can reach heights of up to 30 meters (100 feet), have pinnate leaves that are 4-6 meters (13-20 feet) long, and pinnae that are 60-90 centimeters (2-3 feet) long.[6] On fertile soil, tall coconut palm trees can yield up to 75 fruits per year, but they typically yield less than that. With the right care and growing conditions, coconut palms produce theirs.

Since ancient times, Austronesian peoples have grown true-to-type dwarf kinds of Pacific coconuts. These cultivars were chosen for their more gradual growth, sweeter coconut water, and frequently vividly colored fruits.

The Austronesian peoples of Island Southeast Asia were the first to domesticate coconuts, and they expanded its use throughout the Neolithic era by migrating by sea as far east as the Pacific Islands and as far west as Madagascar and Comoros. They were essential in helping Austronesians on their lengthy sea travels by offering a portable source of food and water as well as supplies for building outrigger boats. In the past, seafarers from South Asia, the Middle East, and Europe spread coconuts over the Atlantic and Indian Ocean coasts. Coconut populations can still be split into Pacific coconuts and Indo-Atlantic coconuts based on these distinct introductions. However, there is evidence that suggests Austronesian mariners may have brought Pacific coconuts to Panama prior to the arrival of European explorers during the colonial era in the Columbian exchange. There is debate over the coconut's evolutionary history, with theories claiming that it may have originated on Pacific islands, in South America, or in Asia. Although less than 30 fruits are more common, trees can reach heights of up to 30 meters (100 feet) and produce up to 75 fruits annually. Plants prefer abundant precipitation and direct sunlight, and they are intolerant of cold temperatures. Numerous illnesses and insect pests harm the species and interfere with economic production.

Indonesia, the Philippines, and India generate around 75% of the world's coconuts. The coconut tree serves as Kerala, India's official state tree.

Different Types of Coconuts

1-West Coast Tall Coconut.
2-East Coast Tall Coconut.
3-Maypan Coconut.
4-Tiptur Tall Coconut.
5-Orange Dwarf Coconut.
6-Green Dwarf Coconut.
7-Malayan Yellow Dwarf Coconut.
8-Fiji Dwarf Coconut.
9-King Coconut.
10-VHC1 Coconut.
11-Macapuno Coconut.

The only surviving species of the genus Cocos is the coconut tree (Cocos nucifera), which belongs to the Arecaceae family of palm trees. The word "coconut" (or the obsolete "cocoanut")can refer to the entire coconut palm, the seed, or the fruit, which is a drupe and not a nut according to botanical definitions. Because of the three depressions that mimic facial features on the coconut shell, the name coconut is derived from the old Portuguese word coco, which means "head" or "skull." They are a symbol of the tropics and are common in coastal tropical areas.

Among its many uses are food, fuel, cosmetics, traditional medicine, and building materials. Many people in the tropics and subtropics regularly consume the inside meat of the ripe seed as well as the coconut milk that is taken from it. Because their endosperm contains a significant amount of clear liquid, known as coconut water or coconut juice, coconuts stand apart from other fruits. A mature, ripe coconut can be processed to produce oil and plant milk from the flesh, charcoal from the hard shell, and coir from the fibrous husk. It can also be utilized as edible seeds. A multitude of goods for furniture and décor can be made from hard shells, fibrous husks, and long pinnate leaves.

Various Medical properties of the coconut plant are listed below.

·reduce diarrhoea (anti-diarrhoeal)
·antipyretic (fever relieving)
·anti-inflammatory activity (reduces body’s elaborate pain and swelling mechanism)
·anti-diuretic (reduced urination)
·effective antibacterial
·anti-diabetic action (lowering blood sugar)
·anti-asthmatic property (relieves asthma symptoms)
·anti-dermatitis potential (relieves skin inflammation)
·help in wound healing
·potent anti-viral agent
·anti-malarial activity
·anti-helminthic (removes intestinal worms).
·effective against fungi (anti-fungal).
·antineoplastic (anticancer).
·anti-osteoporotic (bone protective).
·antioxidant.
·kidney protective properties.

In several countries, the coconut has religious and cultural importance, especially in the Western Pacific Austronesian nations where it is a component of their mythology, hymns, and oral traditions. It was also significant for ceremonial purposes in pre-colonial animistic religions. Hindu rituals use it, and it has taken on sacred significance in South Asian societies. It serves as the foundation for Hindu weddings and devotional rites. Additionally, it is essential to Vietnam's Coconut Religion. Their fully developed fruit has fallen, which has caused a fascination with coconut death.

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