Climate
It is grown in the areas where the annual rainfall ranges from 1500-4000mm, with a temperature range of 10-35o C and an altitude of 600-1200m above Mean Sea Level. Rainfall distribution should be good and summer showers during February-April are essential for panicle initiation.
Soil
Deep black loam soil with high humus content found in the forest region is best suited for cultivation. It also grows on laterite soils, clay loams and rich black soils having good drainage. Sandy soil is not suitable.
Nursery
Cardamom is propagated mainly through seeds and also through suckers each consisting of atleast one old and a young aerial shoot. Seedlings are normally raised in primary and secondary nurseries. Raised beds are prepared after digging the land to a depth of 30-45cm. The beds of 1m width and convenient length raised to a height of about 30cm are prepared. A fine layer of humus-rich forest soil is spread over the beds. Seed are to be collected from well ripe capsules. Immediately after harvesting, the husk is removed and the seeds are washed repeatedly in water for removing the mucilaginous coating. Seeds should be sown immediately after extraction. One kg of seed capsules may produce 5000 seedlings. Sowing may be taken up during November-January and is done in rows. Seed beds are to be dusted with chloropicrin or Carbon disulphide. The germination commences in about 30 days and may continue for a month or two. After germination, the mulch is to be removed.
Land preparation
Pits of 45x45x30cm size are dug in April-May and filled with a mixture of top soil and compost or well decomposed farm yard manure. In slopy land, contour terraces may be made and pits may be taken along the contour and a close planting (2mx1m) is advisable along the contour.
Planting
The planting is carried out during the rainy season commencing from June. Seedlings are to be planted upto the collar region for better growth. Cloudy days with light drizzle are ideal for planting. Generally in Kerala and Tamil Nadu, the seedlings are transplanted in March-May at a spacing of 20x 20 cm and mulched immediately. Beds are to be covered with an over head pandal and should be watered regularly.
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