#aminoglycosides #linezolid #pharmacology #antibiotics #drnajeeb #streptomycin

Aminoglycosides vs Linezolid MOA | Antibiotics | Pharmacology

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01:40:16 CLINICAL CO-RELATE 1; Streptomycin (Aminoglycosides); Interferes with 30S subunit; Old drug;
Used for tuberculosis; Now, used against gram-negative aerobic bacteria or in combination with other drugs for gram-positive bacteria. Fails on anaerobes. Derived naturally from Streptomyces griseus.

01:45:45 CLINICAL CO-RELATE 2; Linezolid; Synthetic drug;
Successful drug for multi-drug resistant strains of gram-positive bacteria like MRSA, VRSA. Works on 50S subunit in such a way that it can't bind with 30S subunit, and functional initiation complex can't be formed.

01:48:26 Review along with Comparison of Streptomycin (Aminoglycosides) with Linezolid.

Aminoglycosides are antibiotics used for gram negative infections. Gram-negative means that the bacteria which cause the infection don't hold the colour of a particular dye (Crystal Violet) when they're tested.

Since they are not absorbed from the gut, they are usually taken by an injection into the vain or muscle but they can be given as a cream or ointment to prevent and treat skin infections, as eye drops for eye infections, as ear drops for ear infections and as a pill for intestinal infections but not for other internal infections.

Antibiotics from this family can be used in patients who are not able to take some regular antibiotics, such as Penicillin because of allergies. The most common Aminoglycosides used as alternatives to Penicillin are Erythromycin (lit. Red fungus) and Clarithromycin (lit. Yellow fungus). They're most commonly used in the treatment of bacterial infections, such as Bronchitis.

Linezolid is an antibiotic used for the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria that are resistant to other antibiotics. Linezolid is active against most Gram-positive bacteria that cause disease, including streptococci, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The main uses are infections of the skin and pneumonia although it may be used for a variety of other infections including drug-resistant tuberculosis. It is used either by injection into a vein or by mouth.

When given for short periods, linezolid is a relatively safe antibiotic. It can be used in people of all ages and in people with liver disease or poor kidney function. Common side effects with short-term use include headache, diarrhea, rash, and nausea. Serious side effects may include serotonin syndrome, bone marrow suppression, and high blood lactate levels, particularly when used for more than two weeks. If used for longer periods it may cause nerve damage, including optic nerve damage, which may be irreversible.

As a protein synthesis inhibitor, linezolid works by suppressing bacterial protein production. This either stops growth or results in bacterial death. Although many antibiotics work this way, the exact mechanism of action of linezolid appears to be unique in that it blocks the initiation of protein production, rather than one of the later steps. As of 2014, bacterial resistance to linezolid has remained low. Linezolid is a member of the oxazolidinone class of medications.

Linezolid was discovered in the mid-1990s, and was approved for commercial use in 2000.
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