The term Tirukkural is a compound word made of two individual terms, tiru and kuraḷ. Tiru is an honorific Tamil term that corresponds to the Sanskrit term sri meaning "holy, sacred, excellent, honorable, and beautiful. The term tiru has as many as 19 different meanings in Tamil. Kuraḷ means something that is "short, concise, and abridged.
The Kural has influenced scholars and leaders across the ethical, social, political, economic, religious, philosophical, and spiritual spheres over its history. The Kural text is among the earliest systems of Indian epistemology and metaphysics. The Tirukkuṟaḷ (Tamil: திருக்குறள், 'sacred verses'), or shortly the Kural (Tamil: குறள்), is a classic Tamil language text consisting of 1,330 short couplets, or kurals. It is widely acknowledged for its universality and secular nature. Its authorship is traditionally attributed to Valluvar, also known in full as Thiruvalluvar. The text has been dated variously from 300 BCE to 5th century CE. The traditional accounts describe it as the last work of the third Sangam, but linguistic analysis suggests a later date of 450 to 500 CE and that it was composed after the Sangam period.
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