The Basilica Cistern is the largest of several hundred ancient cisterns that lie beneath the city of Istanbul. Like several of the other cisterns, it was built using Roman building techniques and lies inside the historical peninsula. The structure is an underground reservoir that was used to store water for daily use in the city.
The cistern has long been forgotten and partly filled with earth until its rediscovery in 1545. There are two heads of Medusa on display in the cistern; one is upright, and the other on its side.
Why they are there has been a subject of debate among historians for centuries, though some speculate that one may have been placed upside down as a form of protection against evil or misfortunes such as floods . Another hypothesis is that one is an "original" and one a copy.
The Basilica Cistern is the largest of several hundred ancient cisterns that lie beneath the city of Istanbul. The cistern was built in 532 AD by Byzantine Emperor 1st Justinian, and was one of the most important water supplies of Byzantine Constantinople.
The roof of the cistern is supported by 336 marble columns, each 9 metres high and 1.8 metres wide, with a diameter varying from 1 to 3 meters. The building material used for its construction was stone and mortar with some brick reinforcement for the arches and vaults over naves at intervals along its length on both sides inside.
It is a remarkable example of ancient engineering and architecture because it contains a series of tunnels, staircases, and columns which have survived intact over 2,000 years after being constructed during Roman times.
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