The nuclear arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union is seen as the greatest danger and challenge to international security. The USA emerged from the Second World War as the first atomic power. As soon as November of 1952 in the Pacific the USA tested the first hydrogen bomb, evincing a strength more powerful than that of the traditional „fission bomb“. The Soviet Union, an atomic power itself since 1949, succeeds on 12 August 1953 in lessening its great rival’s nuclear advantage by detonating its first hydrogen bomb at the Semipalatinsk test site in Kazakhstan. The „H-bomb“, with its explosive power comparable to 400 kilotons of TNT, is 26 times more powerful than the American atomic bomb which reduced Hiroshima to ashes and debris on 6 August 1945. The successful Soviet detonation is the prelude to a series of tests which will culminate in 1961 in the detonation of the largest hydrogen bomb of all time – the so-called Tsar-Bomb with an explosive power comparable to about 60 megatons of TNT.
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