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The Johnson Wax Headquarters and Research Building, designed by the architect Frank Lloyd Wright, is a landmark of modernist architecture located in Racine Wisconsin. It was built between 1936 and 1939 for the S.C. Johnson & Son company and is considered one of Wright's masterpieces.

The building's most distinctive feature is its cylindrical central pavilion, which is supported by slender "lily pad" columns and creates an open, light-filled interior space. The pavilion is topped by a conical roof that allows natural light to penetrate deep into the building's interior. The building also features a central atrium that runs the full height of the building and is surrounded by offices and meeting rooms.

The building was constructed using reinforced concrete, a relatively new and untested material at the time, which allowed Wright to create the building's distinctive curved forms and provided an economical and durable solution for the client. The interior of the building is lined with Wright's signature "Cherokee Red" color, creating a warm and welcoming environment.
One of the building's most innovative features is its radiant heating system, which was a cutting-edge technology at the time and was housed in transparent Pyrex tubes that were integrated into the building's architectural design. The use of natural light and radiant heating contributed to the building's energy efficiency and created a more comfortable and productive work environment.
The Johnson Wax Headquarters and Research Building is an important example of Wright's philosophy of organic architecture, which emphasized the integration of the building with its natural surroundings, the use of natural materials, and the creation of spaces that promote a sense of well-being and comfort. The building's innovative design and use of materials make it a unique and important work of modernist architecture, and it continues to be studied and admired by architects and design enthusiasts today.
In addition to its innovative design and use of materials, the Johnson Wax Headquarters and Research Building also showcases Wright's attention to detail and his commitment to creating functional and aesthetically pleasing structures. The building's exterior is characterized by its streamlined, horizontally-oriented design, which creates a sense of calm and stability. The building's interiors are equally well-designed, with a focus on ergonomics and comfort, including adjustable desks and chairs and a spacious central atrium that provides a communal space for employees to gather.
Another notable feature of the building is its use of natural materials, including red-tinted glass, which was used to create a warm and inviting atmosphere. The building's overall design also takes advantage of the natural landscape, with large windows and an open floor plan that allows for an unobstructed view of the surrounding gardens and greenery.
Wright's design for the Johnson Wax Headquarters and Research Building also incorporated elements of his "Usonian" architectural style, which was characterized by its focus on simplicity, affordability, and functionality. The building's modular design and use of prefabricated components allowed for efficient construction and cost savings even though the unique complex was ultimately significantly over budget.

The Johnson Wax Headquarters and Research Building is also significant for its role in the development of modernist architecture. Wright's design for the building challenged traditional architectural forms and materials, and its innovative use of reinforced concrete, radiant heating, and natural light made it a model for other architects to follow.
In addition to its architectural significance, the Johnson Wax Headquarters and Research Building is also notable for its cultural significance. The building reflects the values and aspirations of the American people during the mid-20th century, including a focus on progress, technology, and efficiency. It also embodies Wright's own vision for a more harmonious and sustainable relationship between people and the built environment.

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