On July 11, 1920, a plebiscite was held in Warmia, Masuria and Powisle. Most of these lands were annexed to Germany.

With the rebirth of Poland after 123 years of partition, it became an international problem to determine the borders of the country. The disputed territories were primarily Silesia, Warmia and Masuria: both Poland and Germany laid claim to these areas for historical, economic and demographic reasons. Under the terms of the Treaty of Versailles, the affiliation of these lands was to be decided by plebiscite.

The center of Polishness in the plebiscite area was primarily Warmia, which belonged to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth until 1772.

70 percent of the population of southern Masuria spoke Polish, yet the reborn Poland suffered a devastating defeat in the plebiscite. Only eight communes were annexed to the country.
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- Reportage "Masurian Interlude" by Marzena Lipecka and Wojciech Ogrodzinski. (PR, 10.05.1980)

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