Topic 3 - Earth-Moon-Sun Systems Specification:
• Be able to use the relative sizes of the Earth, Moon and Sun
• Be able to use the relative distances between the Earth, Moon and Sun
• Understand how Eratosthenes and Aristarchus used observations of the Moon and Sun to determine successively:
🡒 diameter of the Earth
🡒 diameter of the Moon
🡒 distance to the Moon
🡒 distance to the Sun
🡒 diameter of the Sun
• Be able to use information about the mean diameter of the Sun (1400000 km)
• Understand the relative effects of the Sun and Moon in producing high and low, spring and neap tides
• Understand how the gradual precession of the Earth’s axis affects the appearance of the Sun, Moon and stars, when observed from Earth, and its use in archaeoastronomy
• Be able to use data relating to the rate of precession of the Earth’s axis
• Understand the appearance of the Sun during partial, total and annular solar eclipses, including the terms first, second, third and fourth umbral contact
• Understand the appearance of the Moon during partial and total lunar eclipses, including the terms first, second, third and fourth umbral contact
• Understand the causes of solar and lunar eclipses
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