Diamond cutting is the practice of changing a diamond from a rough stone into a faceted gem. Cutting diamond requires specialized knowledge, tools, equipment, and techniques because of its extreme difficulty.

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How Diamonds Are Cut - From a Rough Stone to the Final Million Dollar Diamond

The first guild of diamond cutters and polishers (diamantaire) was formed in 1375 in Nuremberg, Germany, and led to the development of various types of 'cut'. This has two meanings in relation to diamonds. The first is the shape: square, oval, and so on. The second relates to the specific quality of cut within the shape, and the quality and price will vary greatly based on the cut quality. Since diamonds are one of the hardest materials, special diamond-coated surfaces are used to grind the diamond down. The first major development in diamond cutting came with the "Point Cut" during the later half of the 14th century: the Point Cut follows the natural shape of an octahedral rough diamond crystal, eliminating some waste in the cutting process. graff diamonds london

Diamond cutting, as well as overall processing, is concentrated in a few cities around the world: while 80% of rough diamonds are handled in the Antwerp diamond district in Belgium, more than 50% of processed diamonds also pass through there. Ninety-two percent of diamond pieces are cut in Surat, Gujarat state in India. The other important diamond centers are Tel Aviv and New York City. The process of maximizing the value of finished diamonds, from a rough diamond into a polished gemstone, is both an art and a science. The choice of cut is influenced by many factors. Market factors include the exponential increase in value of diamonds as weight increases, referred to as weight retention, and the popularity of certain shapes amongst consumers. Physical factors include the original shape of the rough stone, and location of the inclusions and flaws to be eliminated.

In colored diamonds, cutting can influence the color grade of the diamond, thereby raising its value. Certain cut shapes are used to intensify the color of the diamond. The radiant cut is an example of this type of cut. Polishing is the name given to process whereby the facets are cut onto the diamond and final polishing is performed. The process takes the steps blocking, faceting, also called "brillianteering", and polishing.diamond diamonds jewelry jewellery "rough diamond" stone precious gems gem gemstone cut clarity "diamond ring" "wedding ring" "engagement ring" polish gia certificate "hand made" factory "high jewelry" exclusive expensive millionaire usa u.s. "united states" quality auction craftsmen value investment gold silver carat beauty market trade fashion trendy trends wedding 2014 2015 investor gift "tiffany & co" "de beers" "cubic zirconia" necklace cartier "hiso report" super rich wealth wealthy lamborghini bond street posh pawn pawn shop bugatti yacht arab invasion london storage wars container wars storage hunters

An enormous blue diamond formerly owned by millionaire gardener and philanthropist Rachel Mellon has sold for $32.6million at auction - a new record.

The Fancy Vivid Blue diamond, mounted in platinum, weighed in at 9.75 carats, and sold for more than any other blue diamond at Sotheby's auctioneers.

An anonymous collector for Hong Kong paid the huge sum for the rock, beating off six contenders. The sale smashed expectations of around $15million. It far exceeded the previous blue diamond record, held by the Wittelsbach Diamond, which sold in 2008 for $24.3million. The price was exceeded despite the Wittlesbach being much heavier at more than 30 carats.

Mellon, nicknamed Bunny, died in March at 103. She was the widow of philanthropist Paul Mellon, heir to the fortune of the then-Mellon Bank, and one of the richest men in the United States.

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