The pharyngeal muscles are a group of muscles that act upon the pharynx. Pharyngeal muscles contracts pushing the food into the oesophagus. There are two muscular layers of the pharynx: the outer circular layer and the inner longitudinal layer. The outer circular layer includes:

Inferior constrictor muscle
Middle constrictor muscle
Superior constrictor muscle
During swallowing, these muscles constrict to propel bolus downwards (an involuntary process).

The inner longitudinal layer includes:

Stylopharyngeus muscle
Salpingopharyngeus muscle
Palatopharyngeus muscle
During swallowing, these muscles act to shorten and widen the pharynx.

They are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the Vagus nerve (CN X) with the exception of the stylopharyngeus muscle which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX).

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Human anatomy (gr. ἀνατομία, "dissection", from ἀνά, "up", and τέμνειν, "cut") is primarily the scientific study of the morphology of the human body.[4] Anatomy is subdivided into gross anatomy and microscopic anatomy (histology)[4] Gross anatomy (also called topographical anatomy, regional anatomy, or anthropotomy) is the study of anatomical structures that can be seen by the naked eye.[4] Microscopic anatomy involves the use of microscopes to study minute anatomical structures, and is the field of histology which studies the organization of tissues at all levels, from cell biology (previously called cytology), to organs.[4] Anatomy, human physiology (the study of function), and biochemistry (the study of the chemistry of living structures) are complementary basic medical sciences,[5] that are generally taught together (or in tandem) to students studying medicine.

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