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Indications of muscle biopsy: Presence of some evidence of muscle disease (Weakness, Muscle symptoms: Discomfort; Cramps; Fatigue with activity (r/o myasthenia), elevated (very high or high) Creatine Kinase (CK), Myopathic EMG), the presence of a neuropathy that necessitates a nerve biopsy, presence of a systemic disorder with silent muscle manifestations (Vasculitis, Sarcoidosis), not generally indicated in some disorders better diagnosed by electrodiagnostic methods (Myasthenia gravis (May be suggested on biopsy if esterase-stained NMJs are small), Myotonias).
Muscle biopsies are classified into two types: A needle biopsy is performed by inserting a needle into a muscle, a small piece of tissue remains in the needle after the needle is removed, a larger sample may necessitate more than one needle stick,. An open biopsy is performed by making a small incision in the skin and into the muscle, after that, the muscle tissue is removed. Following either type of biopsy, the tissue is sent to a laboratory for analysis.
Dr. Meenakshi Swain, discusses in detail about the indications and technique of muscle biopsy.
