The Treaty of Maastricht on the founding of the European Union turn 30 on February 7.
On the same day in 1992, European leaders gathered in the Dutch city of Maastricht to sign the treaty, which created a politically-unified EU.
The treaty marked Europe's transition from an economic union, the European Economic Community, to a political union, by introducing a common currency and the idea of a European citizenship.
With the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) fostering the creation of a shared currency for all members except Denmark and Britain, states had to fulfil economic criteria to exchange their lire, francs and other currencies for the euro.
The treaty was signed after months of negotiation, striking a balance between countries that wanted a full union and those who wanted a looser relationship.
When European leaders agreed in 1992 to the agreement, the bloc had only 12 members. Since then, the EU grew to 28 members, 19 of which use the euro.
In 2016 the United Kingdom voted to leave the bloc. Following years of negotiations, it finally withdrew on January 31, 2020.
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Thirty years of the Maastricht treaty
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