It is usually caused by bacteria but can also develop from from trauma, exposure to irritants in the air or foreign bodies in the eye, parasites, or related to a viral infection. Conjunctivitis can also occur as a secondary complication from a respiratory infection, systemic illness, and other eye disorders.

Infection: May be of bacterial, viral, or fungal origin.
Parasites: Eye worms (Oxyspirura mansoni, Thelazia spp. ...
Exposure to foreign bodies: Such as sand, dust, feather particles, etc.
Exposure to physical irritants: Such as smoke or chemical fumes.

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