The Crucifixion torture
in today's video we will be looking into the Crucifixion torture.
Crucifixion was a form of execution in which the victim's hands and feet were nailed to a cross. It was one of the most painful and disgraceful methods of capital punishment ever performed.
In ancient times, crucifixion was one of the most brutal and shameful modes of execution. It was originally established in 6th century BC and began to be used systematically by the Persians.
Alexander brought it to the eastern Mediterranean for the first time in the fourth century B.C. It was virtually never used by the early Greeks. The Romans perfected crucifixion for five hundred years until the time it was abolished by Constantine I. Crucifixion in Roman times was applied mostly to slaves, disgraced soldiers, Christians and foreigners--only very rarely to Roman citizens.
The Jewish historian Josephus, who witnessed live crucifixions during Titus’ siege on Jerusalem, called it "the most wretched of deaths." Victims were usually beaten and tortured by various means and then forced to carry their own cross to the crucifixion site. Because of the long, drawn-out suffering and horrible manner of execution, it was viewed as the supreme penalty by the Romans.
The big question is What is the crime for it to be implemented? They were used for punishing enemies of the state and slaves. Originally granted to slaves, whereas the enactment was later extended to citizens of the lower classes. According to Roman law, if a slave kills his or her master, all of the owner's slaves would be executed. Both men and women were crucified. Some members of the Senate attempted to prevent the mass crucifixion of four hundred slaves in retaliation to Lucius Pedanius Secundus's death because of the large number of women and children, but in the end the convention prevailed and they were all executed. Although not conclusive evidence in female crucifixion, the most ancient image of a Roman crucifixion may show a crucified woman, whether real or imaginary. One of the only specifically female crucifixions we have identified was that of Ida, who was crucified by order of Tiberius.
Why was it used? Crucifixion was most frequently used for political reformers, pirates, slaves, or people without civil rights. In 519 BCE Darius I, king of Persia, crucified 3,000 political opponents in Babylon; in 88 BCE Alexander Jannaeus, the Judaean king and high priest, crucified 800 Pharisaic opponents; and about 32 CE Pontius Pilate had Jesus of Nazareth put to death by crucifixion.
Who used to use it? Crucifixion was practiced by the Phoenicians and Carthaginians and then later quite extensively by the Romans. Only slaves, peasants, and the lowest of criminals were crucified, but rarely Roman citizens.
Historical sources reveal the practice of crucifixion being used in many other cultures, as well, including the Assyrians, the people of India, the Scythians, the Taurians, the Thracians, the Celts, the Germans, the Britons, and the Numidians. The Greeks and Macedonians adopted the practice mostly likely from the Persians.
The Romans used to torture by tying the victim to a platter. Sometimes, victims of torture were secured to wooden scaffolding without any restraints to be publicly humiliated and driven mad. Then he would either be released or executed.
how does it feel to be executed in this process? Pre-crucifixion torture usually involved beatings and lashings, but could also include burning, racking, mutilation, and violence toward the victim’s family. Plato, the Greek philosopher, described such torture: "[A man] is racked, mutilated, has his eyes burned out, and after having had all sorts of great injuries inflicted on him, and having seen his wife and children suffer the like, is at last impaled or tarred and burned alive." Typically, the victim would then be forced to carry the scaffold poles to the place of execution. Executioners would simultaneously affix the victim and the cross beam to a stump or post.
Sometimes, before nailing the victim to the cross, a mixture of vinegar, gall, and myrrh was offered to alleviate some of the victim's suffering. Wooden planks were usually fastened to the vertical stake as a footrest or seat, allowing the victim to rest his weight and lift himself for a breath, thus prolonging suffering and delaying death for up to three days. Unsupported, the victim would hang entirely from nail-pierced wrists, severely restricting breathing and circulation.
Suffocation and heart failure are common results of torture of this kind. At times, mercy was shown by breaking the victim's legs, causing death to come quickly. As a deterrent to crime, crucifixions were carried out in highly public places with the criminal charges posted on the cross above the victim's head. After death, the body was usually left hanging on the cross.
The Crucifixion | What Did It Feel Like?
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