How Is A Sedimentary Rock Formed? | Geology For Kids | Types of Rocks | Facts For Kids
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Sedimentary rocks are formed through a series of processes: erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation.
Erosion: This is the first step in the formation of sedimentary rocks. It involves the breaking down of rocks and minerals on the Earth's surface by processes like wind, rain, and temperature changes. This process produces small particles of rock, called sediments.
Deposition: The sediments are then moved by natural forces like wind and water. When these forces lose energy, the sediments settle down in a new location, a process called deposition. The place where the sediments end up is called a basin.
Compaction: Over time, more and more layers of sediment build up in the basin, putting pressure on the layers beneath. This pressure squeezes the sediments together in a process called compaction.
Cementation: As the layers of sediment build up, water containing dissolved minerals seeps into the spaces between the particles. These minerals crystallise and bind the sediments together, a process known as cementation.
After a very, very long time and through these processes, the sediments are turned into solid rock, known as sedimentary rock. Examples of sedimentary rocks include sandstone, limestone, and shale. Each of these has been formed from different types of sediments - sandstone from sand, limestone from the remains of marine organisms, and shale from clay or mud.
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