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Separating Mixtures of Gases
Similar methods of separating liquids that are soluble in one another.
Distillation is used. Relies on boiling point differences. Gases are cooled till they condense. Gas with the highest boiling point is removed first. Essentially the reverse of liquid distillation.
This process is used to separate the components of air.
Gas centrifuges are also used to separate mixtures.
Heavier molecules collect at the side when the gaseous mixture is spun at high speed in a gas centrifuge. This leaves a mixture near the centre with a higher proportion of the lighter molecules.
This process relies on the gases having different molecular weights.
Used in the production of radioactive material.

There are several methods to separate mixtures of gases. Some of them are:

Adsorption: Certain gases can be separated by passing the mixture through a solid material that preferentially adsorbs one of the gases.

Cryogenics: Certain gases can be liquefied and separated by their boiling points, for example, by cooling the mixture and condensing individual components.

Membrane Separation: A semipermeable membrane can be used to separate gases based on their molecular size, shape and solubility in the membrane material.

Distillation: Similar to liquid mixtures, distillation can separate gases by differences in boiling points.

Pressure Swing Adsorption: In this method, the mixture is passed through a bed of adsorbent material, which preferentially adsorbs one of the components at high pressure. The bed is then depressurized, causing the adsorbed gas to be desorbed, and the cycle is repeated with fresh feed.

These are some of the commonly used methods to separate mixtures of gases; the choice of the method depends on the specific mixture and the desired degree of separation.

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