Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
Part 1
1. *Origins*
- Originated from the "Shanghai Five" (China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan) in 1996.
- Addressed concerns about extremist religious groups and ethnic tensions post-USSR dissolution.
2. *Establishment*
- Established on 15th June 2001 in Shanghai, adding Uzbekistan.
- Members: India, Iran, Kazakhstan, China, Kyrgyzstan, Pakistan, Russia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and now Belarus.
- Afghanistan and Mongolia hold Observer Status.
3. *Significance*
- Focuses on security issues in Asia with primarily Asian members.
- Alternative to the "Western" international order, counterbalancing US influence.
- Represents 40% of the world's population, contributing over USD 23 trillion to global GDP.
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