Pollination, which is a crucial process in the production of fruit and seeds in plants, is the transfer of pollen from the male organs of a flower to the female organs. This allows the pollen to stick to the stigma and then move down the style into the ovary, where fertilization occurs. Many insects, pollen, and other animals seeking plant food serve this process. Pollination is of vital importance for the sustainability of ecosystems and human communities.
The most important role in pollination is played by bees. The idea that bees were pollinators of plants was first proposed by German botanists Koelreuter and Sprengel in the 1750-1800s. In 1892, another scientist, Waite, raised the idea of using bee colonies (hives) for the pollination of fruit trees. Later studies have built on these works and the benefits of having bee colonies near fruit gardens have been revealed.
Bees need nectar from flowers as food to survive, while plants need a pollinator to spread their pollen and reproduce.
A bee can visit around 100 flowers during a foraging flight, reaching a maximum speed of up to 30 kilometers per hour. With ten foraging flights per day, this amounts to 1,000 flowers. With a maximum of 40 flights per day, significantly more flowers can be visited. If a few bees emerge from 20,000 bee colonies a few times a day, 20 million or more flowers can be pollinated each day.
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