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6. GREAT ZIMBABWE, ZIMBABWE
The enormous, walled city of Great Zimbabwe, which is located in the southeastern hills of Zimbabwe, is known as one of the greatest mysteries of southern Africa. Great Zimbabwe peaked from 1200 until 1450, during which time it had as many as 30,000 residents. Wealth from distant lands flowed into the city, which was at the heart of a trade region that reached as far as China or India.

5. Çatalhöyük, TURKEY
From 7400 B.C. to 6200 B.C., up to 8,000 thousand of people lived in Catalhoyuk, making it one of the world’s earliest urban settlements. The unique city, which was located in the southern Anatolian region of Turkey, was designed and built like a honeycomb. Homes and buildings, which were accessed by doors cut into the roofs, shared walls.

4. PALENQUE, MEXICO
Palenque, Mexico was known in the ancient world as Lakamha, which literally translates to “Big Water.” During the seventh century, this Mayan city-state, which is located in southern Mexico in the present-day state of Chiapas, flourished.

3. CAHOKIA, UNITED STATES
Contrary to the historical myth, er, narrative that has become customary in public schools across the U.S., people occupied the North American continent long before it became known as such, and long before Christopher Columbus supposedly “discovered” it. In fact, if you travel to St. Clair County, Illinois, which is directly across the Mississippi River from St. Louis, Missouri, you can gain a firsthand look at the remains of a pre-Columbian city that was a thriving metropolis for hundreds of years before a European even set foot on North American soil.

2. DERINKUYU, TURKEY
When the huge, ancient underground city of Derinkuyu actually began is unknown, but it definitely dates back to the early Byzantine Empire, and perhaps as early as the seventh century B.C. Located in the Cappadocia region of central Turkey, it reached its greatest size sometime between 500 and 1000 A.D. As underground civilization began to thrive, people dug into the soft volcanic rock to make more rooms and tunnels.

1. MACHU PICCHU, PERU
Located approximately 50 miles northwest of Cusco, Peru and perched above the Urubamba River, Machu Picchu was discovered in 1911 by Yale lecturer and explorer Hiram Bingham, and remains a huge tourist destination to this day. Bingham mistakenly believed he had found the ‘Lost City of the Inca,’ known as Vilcabamba, and he adamantly defended his findings as such for around 50 years after his initial discovery.

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