A car air conditioning system consists of a compact version of the components of the normal air conditioner that are evaporator, compressor, condenser, expansion device and a fan which are fitted in a car to provide air condition inside the passenger’s compartment.

This air conditioning system takes power from the engine’s crankshaft and is operated by the passengers from the cockpit by pressing the button assigned to this system.

Components Car Air Conditioning System:

1. Compressor – It is also known as the heart of the AC system, A compressor provide pressure rise to the refrigerant to convert the vapor refrigerant into liquid refrigerant which in turn enables the further flow of the refrigerant through condenser.

The compressor of the car air conditioning system is driven by the crankshaft of the engine through the belt drive.

2. Condenser – It is the device looks like a small radiator and is used after the compressor as it provides condensing i.e. lowers the temperature, of the high pressure and high temperature liquid refrigerant sent by compressor through forced convection provided either by radiator fan or by separated fan used with condenser.

3. Expansion valve- It is a device used in car air conditioning system to expand the high pressure, low temperature liquid refrigerant sent by the condenser in order to release pressure of the refrigerant before sending it to evaporator for the further process.

4. Evaporator – It is a device that looks like another heat exchanger and is place just behind the AC vent over a dash board of a car, an evaporator takes heat from the passenger’s compartment and convert the liquid refrigerant sent by the expansion valve into vapor, which in turn provides cooling through the fan inside a passenger’s cabin

5. Receiver-Dryer- It is a safety catch used in an automobile or car air conditioning system as there is a chance that instead of vapors some liquid also flows towards the compressor which can damage the compressor, so the receiver dryer is used in between evaporator and compressor to convert that remaining liquid into vapors before sending it to compressor for compression.

6. Refrigerant – It is the heat sensitive fluid with very low boiling point that is used in AC as a medium of heat exchanging.

Working of an Automobile or Car AC:

1. The evaporator which is the another heat exchanger used in AC takes heat from the passenger’s cabin which in turn converts the liquid refrigerant flowing through the evaporator into vapors which in turn provide cooling with the help of the blower fan.

2. This vapor having high temperature low pressure is then sent to compressor which in turn increases the pressure over the vapors and converts the vapor refrigerant into liquid refrigerant.

Now the refrigerant is in high pressure and high temperature liquid state.

3. This high pressure high temperature liquid refrigerant is then sent to the condenser which lowers the temperature of this refrigerant by forced convection provided by the radiator fan or by separated fan used.

Now the refrigerant is having low temperature but the pressure of the liquid is almost same.

4. This high pressure and low temperature refrigerant is than sent to expansion valve which in turn releases the pressure from the refrigerant and convert it into its original state.

5. This refrigerant is then again sent to the evaporator for the further cycle.



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