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E: This is the very first conjunction you’ll learn when you start studying Italian. E means “and,” and it’s impossible to do without because you use it to link two or more words in a sentence:
“I eat bread and cheese.” (Mangio pane e formaggio.)
It can also link two sentences/verbs:
“I went to the movies and I saw a nice Italian film.” (Sono andato al cinema e ho visto un bel film italiano.)
Pane e formaggio. (“Bread and cheese.”): it also means two people that really get along!
Whenever you write in Italian, pay attention to the difference between e to connect parts of your phrases and the third person verb è (it is) that needs the accent. This is a very common mistake that many young Italian students make, and nonetheless it’s a red pen mistake! To help you remember, here’s a little filastrocca (nursery rhyme):
E senza accento lega,
È con accento spiega.
“E with no accent binds,
È with an accent explains.”
Conjunctions serve as connectors to link together two or more sentences or groups of words. They are invariable, meaning that they don’t change—and this is good, because you won’t have to worry about the agreement of feminine, masculine, singular, or plural.
There are two types of Italian conjunctions:
Italian coordinating conjunctions, which put together two or more elements of the same importance
Italian subordinating conjunctions, which put together two or more elements establishing a dependence
For example, take Vado in pizzeria e poi al cinema (meaning “I go to a pizzeria and then to the movies,” when translated). In this sentence, e poi (and then) are two coordinating conjunctions.
But if I say, Vado in pizzeria perché ho fame (or “I go to the pizzeria because I am hungry,” when translated), this is a subordinative conjunction, because going to the pizzeria depends on the fact that I am hungry (in this case, it’s the cause).
Now, are you ready to learn Italian conjunctions? We thought so! Without further ado, here’s our Italian conjunctions list!
The Italian verb essere is a very irregular verb of the second conjugation that means "to be" and "to exist." It is an intransitive verb (because there is no action to transit, so to speak), and hence does not have a direct object.
Aside from being a descriptive of a state of being or existence of something—I am a writer, we are in love, she is strong—essere serves as auxiliary to many other intransitive verbs (and to itself). Remember the important ground rules for the choice of the auxiliary: among those that take essere are verbs of movement, reflexive verbs, passive verbs, and pronominal verbs.
Essere Uses
Essere's main use is as a copula linking to an adjective or a noun; some form of complement to the subject. For example:
Non è bel tempo oggi. It is not beautiful weather today.
Donatella e Marta sono ragazze meravigliose. Donatella and Marta are wonderful girls.
Lucia è di Cetona. Lucia is from Cetona.
Sono in ritardo. I am late.
Franco è un professore. Franco is a teacher.
È l'ora di andare. It is time to go.
Non è così. It's not so.
Siamo in viaggio. We are on the road.
And with ci, to say "there is" and "there are":
Cè un bella casa dietro l'angolo. There is a nice house around the corner.
Non ci sono dubbi. There are no doubts.
C'è la possibilità che non torni. There is a chance he will not come back.
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