The 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman for their discoveries leading to the development of an effective COVID-19 vaccine.

Karikó and Weissman are pioneers in the field of messenger RNA (mRNA) technology. mRNA is a molecule that carries instructions from DNA to the ribosome, where proteins are made. Karikó and Weissman showed that mRNA could be used to deliver instructions to cells to make specific proteins, which could then be used to treat diseases.

Karikó and Weissman's work was essential for the development of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. These vaccines work by delivering mRNA to cells that encodes the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. The cells then make the spike protein, which triggers an immune response. The immune response is then able to protect the body from infection with the virus.

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