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Can apple seed kill a human?
It is commonly believed that apple seeds contain a toxic substance called cyanide, which could potentially be lethal if ingested in large amounts. Cyanide is a potent poison that can interfere with the body's ability to use oxygen, leading to cellular damage and even death. However, the amount of cyanide present in apple seeds is relatively small, and it would take a significant amount of them to cause harm to a human.
To understand the potential dangers of apple seeds, it is essential to know more about cyanide. Cyanide is a compound that occurs naturally in many foods, including almonds, lima beans, and cassava. However, the amount of cyanide present in these foods is generally small and not enough to cause harm. Cyanide poisoning is most often associated with industrial accidents, suicide attempts, or intentional poisonings.
The cyanide in apple seeds is in the form of amygdalin, a substance that breaks down into cyanide when it comes into contact with digestive enzymes. While apple seeds contain a significant amount of amygdalin, the cyanide that forms when it breaks down is not immediately available for absorption into the body. The human body has a natural defense mechanism that converts cyanide into less toxic compounds that are eliminated from the body.
The amount of cyanide that could potentially be present in a single apple seed is about 0.7 milligrams. However, it is important to note that not all apple seeds contain the same amount of amygdalin. The amount of amygdalin in apple seeds can vary depending on the variety of the apple and the conditions in which it was grown. Moreover, the toxicity of cyanide depends on the dose and duration of exposure. Ingesting a small number of apple seeds is unlikely to cause harm, while ingesting a large number of them could be dangerous.
According to the National Institutes of Health, the lethal dose of cyanide for an adult human is estimated to be between 0.5 and 3.5 milligrams per kilogram of body weight. For a 70-kilogram adult, this would be between 35 and 245 milligrams of cyanide. To put this into perspective, it would take the seeds of about 18 apples to provide a lethal dose of cyanide to a 70-kilogram adult.
However, it is essential to note that even a small amount of cyanide can cause symptoms such as headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and confusion. These symptoms may occur even before the cyanide level in the blood reaches a toxic level. If cyanide poisoning is suspected, immediate medical attention should be sought. Treatment may include administering an antidote to counteract the effects of the cyanide.
While apple seeds contain amygdalin, which can break down into cyanide in the body, the amount of cyanide present in a single seed is relatively small. It would take a large number of apple seeds to cause harm to a human. However, it is essential to note that even a small amount of cyanide can cause symptoms and that immediate medical attention should be sought if cyanide poisoning is suspected. It is always best to err on the side of caution and avoid eating apple seeds altogether.
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