From a glass handled-sword with a relic inside to glass beads that could change history, here are 10 incredible archaeological discoveries.

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10. Hadrian’s Breakfast Chamber
During the second century A.D., the Roman emperor Hadrian enjoyed a life of luxury alongside his empress, Vibia Sabina. One of their properties, named Villa Adriana, was a 200-acre (81 hectares) complex of over 30 buildings in modern-day Tivoli, Italy, where they may have eaten breakfast on an elegant marble platform, surrounded by flowing water while retractable bridges separated them from their many servants.

9. Egyptian Beer Factory
The world’s oldest-known beer factory may have just been found at an ancient burial ground in Abydos, Egypt, over 280 miles (451 km) south of Cairo. Located in the desert west of the Nile River, the factory dates back to the beginning of the First Dynastic Period, which lasted from 3150 B.C. to 2613 B.C. and was marked by the unification of ancient Egypt under King Narmer.

8. Prehistoric Cattle Bone Carvings
A team of French and Israeli researchers have discovered an engraved bone fragment dating back an estimated 120,000 years at Nesher Ramla, a Middle Paleolithic Site in Israel. The bone, which experts believe belonged to an extinct cattle species called the auroch, bears six incisions measuring between one-and-a-half and 1.7 inches (3.8-4.3 cm) long, which may have had a symbolic or spiritual meaning.

7. Sword Of Henry VIII
During the early 16th century, Pope Leo X gifted an extremely unique sword to the infamous King Henry VIII of England. The Pope honored King Henry for his military actions in France to stop Catholic heresy and for writing “In Defense of the Seven Sacraments” where he strongly refutes the heresies of Martin Luther. Henry VIII became known as the “Defender of the Faith.”

6. Pre-Columbian Alaskan Beads
Blue glass beads from Europe were unearthed by archaeologists that may predate Christopher Columbus’ arrival to the “New World.” The research, published in the journal American Antiquity, found that the blueberry-sized beads were likely made in Venice during the 15th century. They then made their way eastward via trade, traveling 10,500 miles (17,000 km) across Eurasia and to Alaska via the Bering Strait.

5. Myra Figurines
Archaeologists recently discovered dozens of terracotta figurines in the ancient town of Myra, located in modern-day Demre, Turkey. Dating back over 2,000 years, the collection provides remarkable insight into life at Myra, a significant ancient settlement in the Mediterranean region of Lycia that thrived during the first and second centuries B.C.

4. Aztec Eagle
Earlier this year, archaeologists with Mexico’s National Institute of Anthropology and History (INAH) reported the discovery of a stunning 600-year-old Aztec bas-relief sculpture depicting a golden eagle. They found the incredible artwork in the Templo Mayor, or the Great Temple, an ancient pyramid-shaped structure in the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán, located in modern-day Mexico City.

3. Ancient Mosque
In the northern Israeli city of Tiberias, near the Sea of Galilee, archaeologists have uncovered one of the earliests mosques on record. It dates back roughly 1,350 years to the late 7th century, just a few decades after the Prophet Muhammad died. Archaeologists found remnants of the building beneath a mosque that had been built over it.

2. Stonehenge Graves
While conducting routine excavations ahead of the construction of a road tunnel near Stonehenge, archaeologists discovered ancient graves dating back 4,500 years, as well as a strange earth enclosure, prehistoric pottery, and other artifacts.

1. Iron Age Houses
Archaeologists were shocked when they discovered over a dozen Iron Age roundhouses and a Roman villa while performing excavations ahead of the redevelopment of the visitor center at Wittenham Clumps, a famous landmark in Oxfordshire, England.

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