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What is the God particle?
The term 'The God particle' was coined by the physicist Leon Lederman in his 1993 popular science book, The God Particle: If the Universe Is the Answer, What Is the Question? The particle that the book title refers to is the 'Higgs boson'.
The particle we now call the Higgs boson has never been observed. First hypothesised in 1964, the Higgs boson, if discovered, would be a vital missing piece of the model that physicists use to describe elementary particles and their interactions: the Standard Model.
What is the Higgs boson?
The theories and discoveries of thousands of physicists over the past century have resulted in a remarkable insight into the fundamental structure of matter: everything in the Universe is found to be made from twelve basic building blocks called fundamental particles, governed by four fundamental forces.
Our best understanding of how these twelve particles and three of the forces are related to each other is encapsulated in the Standard Model of particles and forces. Developed in the 1960s and 70s, it has successfully explained a host of experimental results and precisely predicted a wide variety of phenomena. Over time and through many experiments by many physicists, the Standard Model has become established as a well-tested physics theory.
‘Ghost Particle’ Found In Antarctica Has Traveled Billions Of Light-Years Through Universe
A team of international scientists has finally detected the origin of the ghostly high-energy cosmic neutrinos that traveled billions of light-years through the universe.
Neutrinos were born around 15 billions of years ago, right after the birth of the universe. They can travel in a straight line, passing through different galaxies, planets, stars, and other cosmic bodies, until eventually arriving on Earth unscathed — such was the case of the neutrino found in the South Pole on Sept. 22, 2017. Neutrinos can also be a by-product of the charged particles in cosmic rays that was first discovered in 1912 by physicist Victor Hess.
For more than a century, experts were baffled about the exact place in the universe where these neutrinos are coming from.
Now, through the neutrino discovered in Antarctica, experts finally have the answer: the blazar, a giant elliptical galaxy with a massive and rapidly spinning black hole. Blazar is an active galaxy with twin jets of light that shoot laser beams from the poles on the axis of the black hole's rotation.
