Pulmonary Edema Definition: It refers to the accumulation of fluid in lung tissue, particularly the alveoli.
Primary Symptom - Shortness of Breath: This symptom, also known as orthopnea, worsens when lying down and improves when sitting or standing up.
Cough with Frothy Sputum: A wet cough producing frothy sputum, sometimes tinged with blood, is a common symptom.
Typical Patient Profile: Older individuals with a history of hypertension or heart disease, often overweight or obese.
Distinction from Pleural Effusion: Pulmonary edema involves fluid in the lungs, while pleural effusion refers to fluid around the lungs.
Diagnostic Tools: X-rays, ultrasounds, and sometimes computed tomography (CT) scans.
Heart Failure as a Leading Cause: Accounting for nearly 70% of cases, particularly left-sided heart failure.
Fluid Accumulation in Body: Commonly observed in feet and legs due to heart failure.
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): A severe, emergency condition causing 10-15% of cases.
Kidney-Related Causes: Chronic kidney disease or acute kidney injury contributing to 5%-10% of cases.
High Altitude Pulmonary Edema (HAPE): Affects young, healthy individuals ascending rapidly to high altitudes.
Treatment Methods: Diuretics, vasodilators, inotropic agents, low sodium diet, and exercise.
Non-Standard Treatment - Fluid Drainage: Used in cases of pleural effusion, not typically for pulmonary edema itself.
Prognosis Dependent on Cause: Acute pulmonary edema is a medical emergency, while chronic is often linked to cardiac issues.
Prognosis Variation by Type: Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema generally has a better prognosis than cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Disclaimer:
This information is provided for general knowledge and educational purposes only. It is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always consult with your doctor for any questions or concerns you may have about your health.
