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Blood Supply of Brain | Circle of Willis | Part 1/11

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Blood supply to the brain is normally divided into anterior and posterior segments, relating to the different arteries that supply the brain. The two main pairs of arteries are the Internal carotid arteries (supply the anterior brain) and vertebral arteries (supplying the brainstem and posterior brain). The anterior and posterior cerebral circulations are interconnected via bilateral posterior communicating arteries. They are part of the Circle of Willis, which provides backup circulation to the brain. In case one of the supply arteries is occluded, the Circle of Willis provides interconnections between the anterior and the posterior cerebral circulation along the floor of the cerebral vault, providing blood to tissues that would otherwise become ischemic.

The anterior cerebral circulation is the blood supply to the anterior portion of the brain including eyes. It is supplied by the following arteries:

Internal carotid arteries: These large arteries are the medial branches of the common carotid arteries which enter the skull, as opposed to the external carotid branches which supply the facial tissues; the internal carotid artery branches into the anterior cerebral artery and continues to form the middle cerebral artery.
Anterior cerebral artery (ACA)
Anterior communicating artery: Connects both anterior cerebral arteries, within and along the floor of the cerebral vault.
Middle cerebral artery (MCA)

The posterior cerebral circulation is the blood supply to the posterior portion of the brain, including the occipital lobes, cerebellum and brainstem. It is supplied by the following arteries:

Vertebral arteries: These smaller arteries branch from the subclavian arteries which primarily supply the shoulders, lateral chest, and arms. Within the cranium the two vertebral arteries fuse into the basilar artery.
Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)
Basilar artery: Supplies the midbrain, cerebellum, and usually branches into the posterior cerebral artery
Anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA)
Pontine branches
Superior cerebellar artery (SCA)
Posterior cerebral artery (PCA)
Posterior communicating artery

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