Red shift - the light observed from an object moving away from us (receding) shows an increase in wavelength. The faster the relative speed between the observer and the object the greater the observed increase in wavelength.
Hubble analysed the spectra of light from distant galaxies and compared their wavelengths to stationary reference sources.
From 1998 onwards measurements of supernovae suggest that the rate of expansion of our universe is increasing. One possible explanation of this new data might be dark matter and dark energy. Very little is understood about dark matter and dark energy.
The Big Bang Theory – this model explains the red-shift data by suggesting that the Universe began from a small hot dense region and has been expanding ever since.
Hubble noticed that the further away a galaxy was from Earth the faster it was moving away from Earth. They are proportional. This led him to conclude that the universe is expanding.
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