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Are indefinite the pronouns indicating in an unspecific way the qualitative or quantitative characteristics of people, animals and things.
- Some indefinite pronouns, pronomi indefiniti, correspond to some indefinite adjectives. To distinguish an adjective from a pronoun, you have always to remember that a pronoun stands for a noun, while an adjective accompains a noun.
• They can indicate a unity or an undetermined plurality: nessuno (nobody), alcuno (someone), ciascuno (each one), ognuno (everybody), certo (certain), etc.
For example: Non ho visto nessuno. (I saw nobody.)
• They can suggest an indefinite quantity: molto (many), poco (few), tanto (a lot of), parecchio (quite a lot), troppo (too much), vario (various), altrettanto (as much), etc.
For example: Non hai mangiato niente. (You ate nothing.)
- Other indefinite pronouns don’t have a corresponding adjective: they are used only as pronouns.
• Uno (one), qualcuno (someone), ognuno (each one), chiunque (anyone).
For example: Uno ti ha cercato. (Someone was looking for you.) Qualcuno mi sa rispondere? (Is anyone able to answer me?) Ognuno dia il proprio contributo. (Each one must give a contribute.) Chiunque può sbagliare. (Whoever can make mistakes.)
• Qualcosa (something), niente, nulla (nothing).
For example: Qualcosa non torna. Non dire niente. Non mangia nulla.
Are called indefinitives, indefiniti, that adjectives indicating an indefinite quantity or indefinite measure related to a noun.
- They can suggest a unity or an indetermined plurality: qualunque (whatever), qualsiasi (any), nessuno (no), qualche (some), alcuno (any), ciascuno (every), ogni (each), certo (certain), etc.
For example: Dammi un quaderno qualunque. Una qualsiasi penna che funzioni mi va bene.
(Give me whatever notebook. Whatever pen which works will be ok.)
Ho incontrato qualche cane al parco. Certe persone sono maleducate.
(I met some dogs at the park. Certain people are impolite.)
- They can suggest an indefinite quantity: molto (many), poco (few), tanto (a lot of), parecchio (quite a lot), troppo (too much), vario (various), altrettanto (as much), etc.
For example: Ho molto tempo libero. Ha comprato troppi libri! Abbiamo poca voglia di uscire.
(I have much free time. I bought too many books. We have no desire of going out.)
- They can indicate a totality: tutto (all).
For example: Ho mangiato tutta la torta. Non sono riuscita a vedere tutto il film.
(I ate all the cake. I couldn’t see all the film.)
- Attention:
Some indefinite adjectives are invariable: qualche, ogni, qualsiasi. They are only singular and they have only one form for both for the masculine and for the feminine.
Uno, ciascuno, nessuno are only singular but they have different forms for the masculine and the feminine: uno/una; ciascuno/ciascuna; nessuno/nessuna.
The other indefinites are all invariable in number and gender: troppo, tutto, poco, molto, vario, diverso, etc.
A pronoun, pronome, is a variable part of the speech. It is a word that takes the place of, or fulfils the function of a noun in certain specific circumstances.
Besides a noun, the pronoun can replace a group of words, an adjective, a phrase, another pronoun.
Pronouns can be classified in six categories:
- personali (personal), relativi (relative)
- dimostrativi (demonstrative), possessivi (possessive), indefiniti (indefinite), interrogativi (interrogative) ed esclamativi (exclamative).
Personal and relative pronouns have only a pronominal function; the others, depending on the circumstances, can also assume a adjectival function.
Adjectives belong to the category of variable parts of the speech. They accompain nouns, qualifying their meaning, by adding some some specifications or descriptions.
An adjective can be qualificativo, descriptive, when it describes a quality of the noun.
An adjective can be determinativo, definite, when it gives particular information about the noun.
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