With the 18,997 fans at Staples Center chanting "MVP! MVP!" Bryant made two free throws with 43.4 seconds remaining for his final points. He scored 27 points in the third quarter, 28 in the fourth.
"We are on a journey, and to put on a show like this for the fans here in L.A. is truly something special," Bryant said. "I grew up in front of these people, and now they are seeing me as an older, young man."
The 27-year-old Bryant joined the Lakers out of high school, and is in his 10th NBA season.
Chamberlain scored 100 points for Philadelphia against the New York Knicks at Hershey, Pa., on March 2, 1962, shooting 36-of-63 from the field and 28-of-32 from the foul line while playing all 48 minutes.
Chamberlain had 59 points in the second half -- the only player with more points in a half than Bryant's 55 after halftime in this game.
Chamberlain's second-highest total was 78 against the Lakers in three overtimes on Dec. 8, 1961.
Michael Jordan's career high was 69 points, and only four players had ever scored more than 70 -- Chamberlain, Elgin Baylor, David Thompson and David Robinson.
Bryant made it five. His previous career high was 62 points during a 112-90 victory over Dallas last month -- he sat out the fourth quarter because of the one-sided nature of the game.
"I was just determined. I was just locked in, tuned into what was going on out there," Bryant said. "These points tonight mattered. We needed them. The points I put in the basket were instrumental. It means a lot more."
Bryant raised his scoring average to an NBA-leading 35.9 points this season.
"I never imagined I would see history like that," said Devean George, a teammate of Bryant's with the Lakers for 6½ seasons. "I can't tell you where that came from. He just kept attacking, attacking, attacking -- every time he got the ball."
Bryant played nearly 42 minutes, going the entire second half until being lifted by coach Phil Jackson.
Jackson coached Jordan and the Chicago Bulls to six championships in the 1990s and the Lakers, with Bryant and Shaquille O'Neal, to three more titles, from 2000-02.
"That was something to behold," Jackson said. "It was another level. I've seen some remarkable games, but I've never seen one like that before."
Baylor held the Lakers' previous franchise record of 71 points at New York on Nov. 15, 1960. Lakers special assistant Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, the NBA's all-time leading scorer, saw that game, too.
"Elgin's game was an incredible performance, also," Abdul-Jabbar said. "I don't think there's any comparison. Elgin did it without 3-point lines. His game was attacking the hoop and hitting jumpers inside 20 feet. Kobe's range is unreal, and he does it his way.
"It was a real treat. His ability to shoot from long range and also attack the hoop, split the defense and get in close for opportunities near the basket is unique. He's made a niche for himself, and he deserves it."
Bryant scored all but 15 of his team's 42 points in the third quarter, and all but three of their 31 in the final period.
"You're sitting and watching, and it's like a miracle unfolding in front of your eyes and you can't accept it," Lakers owner Jerry Buss said. "Somehow, the brain won't work. The easiest way to look at it is everybody remembers every 50-point game they ever saw. He had 55 in the second half."
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