Gel electrophoresis is a laboratory method used to separate mixtures of DNA, RNA, or proteins according to molecular size. In gel electrophoresis, the molecules to be separated are pushed by an electrical field through a gel that contains small pores.
Polymerase chain reaction (abbreviated PCR) is a laboratory technique for rapidly producing (amplifying) millions to billions of copies of a specific segment of DNA, which can then be studied in greater detail.
The following programs are good for spotting hair pin loops and primer dimers:
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Create an IDT account and use the Oligo analyzer tool
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Oligo calculator is really good at spotting self (Homo primer) annealing, e.g. hair pin loops
Bright and faint bands - PCR or Gel electrophoresis fault?
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